The Effects of Post-Colonialism and Hybridity in a Culture free essay sample

Post-Colonialism is how a culture changes after ideas are dominated by new beliefs on how ways life should be. Hybridity, when talking about post-colonialism, can be described in two different ways. Hybridity can be viewed as a mixture of groups or cultures in which one then compliments the other so that a new group or culture is formed. Either group or culture will then practice with an understanding from both beliefs. In the other view of hybridity it shows the overall loss of identity, or the process of identifying oneself among a different culture. Each of these definitions of hybridity is expressed through the writings of Amitav Ghosh’s The Glass Palace, Robert J. C. Young’s Postcolonialism, and Gandhi. Amitav Ghosh expresses hybridity in The Glass Palace through characters who adapt to the mixture of culture, and to those who experience the loss of their identity because of this mixture. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Post-Colonialism and Hybridity in a Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Robert J. C. Young’s Postcolonialism, the example of Algerian rai music is described as a hybrid genre. Hybridity can also be seen through the early writings of Gandhi according to the European education system and how it completely evolved from the previous form of education established in India. Each society is forced into an overlapping culture with their dominating colonial power, changing every aspect of their previously known lifestyle, thus having to adapt to the new style of living. When talking about hybridity in the sense of mixture, The Glass Palace shows hybridity through the change of clothing styles. Saya John is normally dressed in the traditional â€Å"longyi† because of his country, but as colonial power it’s imposed on his lifestyle, he then begins to dress in more traditional European clothing. The transformation to the European style of clothing symbolizes his overall transition into a hybrid culture. In Robert J. C. Young’s, Postcolonialism, the example of Algerian rai music is described as a hybrid genre due to the combination of various Spanish, French, and Arabic influences found within the single category of music. He writes, â€Å"rai does not consist of one kind of music that can easily be described in general terms. It has always been mobile and shifting as it changes its functions and locations, its instruments and its audiences† (Young 70). Rai music changed due to the hybrid culture in which it was founded. It became a mix of sounds and phrases from multiple regions, forming an entirely new expression of music. One of the simplest forms of social expression was changed due to the combination of multiple cultures. Both the transformation of clothing styles and development of rai music illustrates the definition of hybridity in the sense of a mixture of two cultures. Views of hybridity can be seen by some aspects of post-colonial like: political structure, economic strategies, and social models of a culture. In Ghosh’s The Glass Palace, Rajkumar, an orphan from Burma, takes on a new economic role due to the combination of his previously known culture with that of the Europeans. Originally, Rajkumar himself served as a source of labor in the teak lumber yards, yet as he gains knowledge with age, he acquires a teak yard of his own using procedures similar to those of the Europeans. He uses the British tactic of maintaining slave labor for economic advancement. The lifestyle that Rajkumar attains is a direct result of colonial rule and power. The British colonizers were able to change the entire economic system of the teak yards, and once Rajkumar was exposed to this, his original ideas about labor were transformed as well. During his confrontation with Uma, Uma states, â€Å"What you and your kind have done is far worse than the worst deeds of the Europeans† (Ghosh 214). Uma’s reference to the slave labor, Rajkumar, has been enforcing in his camps displaying the fact that he has not only blended with the culture of the British, but he has surpassed their traditional actions. This reinstates the other idea of hybridity causing the loss of oneself. Rajkumar is no longer able to identify with his previous Burmese culture, but rather he has transitioned into a European mindset. A similar instance pertaining to the overall loss of oneself can also be seen through Dolly’s character in The Glass Palace. She is originally from Burma, but she spends the majority of her time in India with the Royal family. Due to her location, she encounters a first-hand experience of a lifestyle under colonial domination. She experiences an overall loss of identity with her previously known territory and culture. During her conversation with Uma, she is asked whether she would ever want to return to Burma. She responds by saying, â€Å"Never†¦if I were to return to Burma now, I would be a foreigner-they would call me a kalaa like they do Indiansa trespasser, an outsider from across the sea† (Ghosh 96). Dolly refers to herself as a foreigner when referring to her homeland. By going through a lifestyle under British rule in another country, she has completely lost a sense of who she once was, and is unable to identify with her previously known culture. The idea of Dolly referring to herself as a â€Å"foreigner† within her own homeland displays the loss of herself and her identity which represents the meaning of hybridity. Dolly’s emotions towards herself and her homeland are compared throughout the writings of Gandhi. The elements of hybridity are interpreted through the exploration of Britain’s imperial rule over India. The education system in India had completely evolved in its transition to a post-colonial territory. The traditional form of education in India was transformed into that of the traditional European education, causing both social and political elements of hybridity to form throughout the territory. Gandhi speaks against this transition, stating that â€Å"[they] should have today a free India†¦not as if they were foreigners in their own land†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gandhi 127). Similar to Dolly, many Indians had begun to lose their identity, and felt as though they were foreigners in their own land. There was not a single sense of their previous culture that remained within themselves, or their daily routines. The Glass Palace portrays various pieces of hybridity through each of the characters and their positions in their society and culture. Rajkumar is able to learn positive economic benefits from the combination of British tactics and traditional Burmese standards. However, Uma’s perspective embodies the second definition of hybridity. She believes that Rajkumar has fully transitioned into the European culture, leaving no trace of his previous Burmese identity to be found. And Dolly takes on this perspective for herself, completely losing her previous identity and culture due to the colonial-dominated area she grew up in. Between clothing styles, genres of music, political structures, economic developments, and social models of a culture, hybridity has emerged throughout post-colonial areas, and is still affected the daily lives of the people in societies and cultures today.

Commentaire dArret Essays - Politics Of France, France, Free Essays

Commentaire d'Arret Essays - Politics Of France, France, Free Essays Commentaire d'Arret Dans un arret de rejet du 17 decembre 2015 de la 1ere Ch.Civ, la Cour de Cassation s'est prononce sur la question du droit de la presse vis-a-vis du droit de la famille. A l'occasion de la parution, en octobre 2012, d'un ouvrage intitule La Frondeuse, le magazine Point de vue a publie un entretien accorde par les auteurs au cours duquel ceux-ci revelerent que l'interessee alors en couple aurait entretenu une relation intime de plusieurs annees avec un autre homme, a une epoque ou tous deux etaient engages. S'estimant diffame, l'homme assigna l'un des auteurs, le directeur de la publication du magazine et la societe editrice aux fins d'obtenir la reparation de son prejudice et la publication d'un communique judiciaire. L'homme s'est avait alors demande la reparation de son prejudice et la publication d'un communique. Apres avoir vu sa demande en appel deboute, il s'est pourvu en cassation. Des lors, est-ce que l'imputation d'une infidelite conjugale peut-etre de nature a porter atteinte a la personne compte tenu de l'evolution des murs? Par son arret de rejet, la Cour de Cassation rejette le pourvoi du demandeur qui soutenait, sur le fondement des articles 29 de la loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberte de la presse et 8 de la Convention europeenne des droits de l'homme, que l'allegation publique d'une liaison pretee a un homme marie pouvait porter atteinte a l'honneur de celui-ci. Pour la Cour de cassation, la cour d'appel, a relever que l'adultere etant depenalise, elle a retenu a bon droit que l'evolution des murs comme celle des considerations morales ne permettaient plus de considerer que l'imputation d'une infidelite conjugale serait un motif valable a porter atteinte a l'honneur du demandeur. Ainsi, nous verrons d'abord le contexte et le sens de cet arret (I) puis la valeur de celui-ci et sa portee (II) I: Un contexte social en lien avec la decision de la Cour Cette premiere partie servira a etablir le contexte de l'arret (A) puis a etudier le sens de cette decision en fonction du contexte actuel (B) A: Le contexte de l'arret Cet arret met en relation le droit de la presse et la liberte de celle-ci avec le droit civil et plus particulierement le droit de la famille. Ainsi, apres avoir ete deboute de ses demandes, il s'est pourvu aupres de la Haute juridiction. Ici, il s'agissait d'etablir au visa de l'article 29 de la loi de 1881 qui dit Toute allegation ou imputation d'un fait qui porte atteinte a l'honneur ou a la consideration de la personne ou du corps auquel le fait est impute est une diffamation. La publication directe ou par voie de reproduction de cette allegation ou de cette imputation est punissable, meme si elle est faite sous forme dubitative ou si elle vise une personne ou un corps non expressement nommes, mais dont l'identification est rendue possible par les termes des discours, cris, menaces, ecrits ou imprimes, placards ou affiches incrimines. s'il y a eu une diffamation. La cour devait etablir si la Cour d'appel, deuxieme juridiction, avait viole ou non cet article. B: Le sens de la decision La Cour de Cassation a alors repondu en un moyen unique avec 3 branches a la question de droit qui etait d'etablir si une imputation d'infidelite par la presse etait une atteinte a la personne. La Cour a ainsi repondu a cette question en commencant par reprendre les branches du pourvoi, et precise que l'atteinte a l'honneur ou a la consideration ne pouvait resulter que de la reprobation unanime qui s'attache, soit aux agissements constitutifs d'infractions penales, soit aux comportements consideres comme contraires aux valeurs morales et sociales communement admises au jour ou le juge statue. La Premiere chambre civile considere alors quel'imputation d'une infidelite conjugalen'est pas de nature a elle seule a porter atteinte a l'honneur ou a la consideration d'autrui compte tenu del'evolution des bonnes murs comme des conceptions morales. II: Une decision synonyme d'evolution Une fois etablit le contexte, il s'agira de montrer en quoi cette decision est consideree comme une avancee en commencant par expliquer la valeur de cette decision (A) puis la portee de cet arret (B) A: La valeur de la decision En rejetant le pourvoi, la Cour a confirme le jugement de la Cour d'appel qui a

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Business law - Essay Example After its establishment, Enron had adopted along with executed certain unethical accounting techniques with the specific objective of hiding its liabilities and other loses during the growth of its stock price. During this time, various experts of the US already provided warning to the company about its increasing debt, but Enron avoided this and moved on to the development of its business by making substantial investments. The financial collapse of Enron was a lesson for the other business houses prevailing in the US1. With this concern, the assignment focused on broadly discussing the unethical accounting practices conducted by Enron that made the company to face bankruptcy. The various responsibilities of the account practitioners in the company have been revealed in order to verify whether they are liable for leading the company towards facing bankruptcy or not. The prime objective of this paper is to determine that the conduct of unethical accounting practices had eventually mad e financial collapse of Enron. Case Background Enron had made a rapid growth since its formation. By the year 2001, it became the seventh biggest natural gas and electrical company in the entire region of the US. The scandal of Enron can be noticed for the reason of its increased level of earning business reputation and gaining substantial profits. After several years, Jeffery Skilling, the new CEO of the company appointed numerous skilled executives who were capable of hiding outstanding amounts that to be presented in the financial statements by using the methods of poor financial accounting. The company filed for bankruptcy in the year 2001 after experiencing a long-run loss in its business. It has been viewed that an increment in the annual revenue of the company was only US$ 9 to US$ 10 during the period of 1995 to 2000. This represents the loss that suffered by the company while conducting its business. It can also be viewed that the stock price of the company had a drastic fa ll from $90 per share to $1 from the middle of the year 2000 and lasted up to 2001 which created a great loss for the shareholders. After this incident, Enron checked its financial statement for the last five years and came to realize a total loss of $586 million2. Due to this heavy loss, Enron filled bankruptcy on December 2, 2001. It can be apparently observed that several problems faced by the company and its shareholders after the bankruptcy. In this regard, most of the employees of Enron were accused with charges and had been imprisoned. Enron lost a huge figure of customers due to bankruptcy and also for a case which was running in the US Supreme Court. The court ordered to pay back the customers with partial return. Being unable to overcome all these losses and negative reputation, Enron failed to restore its previous position in the market where it operates. In relation to the case of Enron, it can be affirmed that there were several reasons for which the company had experie nced bankruptcy. One of the major causes was the practice of unethical accounting practices that prevailed within the company. In this similar concern, the company adopted certain unplanned measures of financial reporting in order to hide the

History of Washington State Wine industry and it's global future Research Paper

History of Washington State Wine industry and it's global future - Research Paper Example This will be followed by the global future of the industry. The Washington wine is produced from grapes grown in the Washington region and this industry ranks second in the overall production of wine, falling only second to California. The industry has seen immense growth and development and the number of vineyards has grown to over 30,000, which cater to the export needs to almost forty different countries from around the world. The main production of wine takes place in the eastern half of the state, and this half is desert like in nature. Irrigation and water rights are a major interest to the industry and this is solely due to the rain shadow of the Cascade regions (Matthews). Also the Viticulture of the state is also a result of the high levels of sunlight that the area receives. The wine industry was started way back in 1825, when the first wine grapes were planted by Hudson’s Bay Company at the Ford Vancouver. As time passed by 1910, the state saw a high level of increase in the growing of grapes across the state (Gregutt). The credits for pioneers of the plantations however go to the French, Italians and Germans. There were number of efforts for the Wine Projects from wine experts and historians like Ron Irvine and Dr. Walter Clore. These experts were the ones to start the early planting at Fort Vancouver. The year 1854 saw the hybrid varieties of grapes and these were got to the Puget Sound region. As time passed by 1860, wine grapes were being started to plant in the region of the Walla Walla valley. The early 1900s specifically around 1903, found a large number of irrigation projects that were developed. During this time there was a large melt down of the Cascade Mountains and this was a huge opportunity for the people as the soil in these areas was rich volcanic and the weather here was sunny and arid. It was now that the Yakima and Columbia regions also saw the plantations of Italian and German varieties. As time passed by this

This I Believe Essay Example for Free

This I Believe Essay â€Å"Come on Blake just one time, no one will know, just take one sip and one puff.† And from that day forward I started smoking black and mild’s, which lead to a daily routine. In high school, I never thought I would smoke nor drink, until I went to college. Being in high school, I always thought drinking and smoking was unhealthy. It leads to more serious problems that you cannot control. I was always the bigger person out of my group of friends, who would tell them right from wrong, about how unhealthy it was. It was even one point in time; I went as far as researching and handing out the literature of smoking. As the result, I lost a few friends along the way, due to handing out the literature. Once I attended college at Western Kentucky University, it seemed as if things changed dramatically. The quote â€Å"Never Say Never† really hit me like a ton of bricks. While it may be true of smoking being unhealthy, in spite of this knowing how smoking and drinking was abominable. I went out on a limb knowing it was beyond my beliefs. However, I was more than one hundred miles away in a strange environment. Within a few days, I started meeting people from different cities. I became close to this one particular girl and I began to hang with her and her friends. Soon afterwards things immediately changed from my beliefs of smoking and drinking. Just to fit in, I decided to take a puff and a sip. Once I took that one puff and that one sip. Smoking became an everyday ritual, as to where drinking was an every now and then process. But in my heart, I knew that the decision I was making was not right for me. I kept telling myself day in and day out. But the peer pressure of my friends forced me in the wrong direction. The conclusion is to always stick to what your beliefs are and that other people may not believe what you think is correct. And nevertheless allow someone to influence you from your beliefs, eventually their may be consequences that you may have to follow.

Type 2 Diabetes Essay -- Health, Diseases

Obesity is rapidly increasing in the United States. According to the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM), obesity is the fasted growing health problem in America1. When looking at the trends in the United States, it is estimated that approximately 33% of the adult population is obese and 15% of children, ages 6 and older, are obese1. Although not falling into the obesity population yet, two-thirds of the adult population may be considered overweight, and making their way into the obesity category soon1. It may be startling to most that current evidence suggests that by the year 2030, approximately 90% of all American adults would have become overweight or obese, and 51.1% of them would be obese1. A disease highly correlated with obesity is type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in America has drastically increased in recent years1. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2007, approximately 24 million Americans had diabetes, with one quarter of those (6 million), undiagnosed2. It is estimated that roughly 60 million U.S. residents also have prediabetes2. The superseding issue in diabetes is glucose control1. Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of premature mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney and nerve disease, and amputation2. Exercise has been proven to have a positive effect on preventing type 2 diabetes, via its effects on preventing elevations in blood glucose1. The focus of this essay will be to summarize the effects of resistance training on the improvement on individuals with type 2 diabetes. Aerobic endurance training has conventionally been promoted in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, while the likely role of resistance tra... ...n spontaneous physical activity6. With this information, it can be presumed that resistance training can work in addition with standard care in diabetic patients6. This piece of information may be vital to a diabetic patient who is disobedient with medical recommendations that have been provided, as well as, patients who may receive inferior health care6. As expected, resistance training proves to have various health benefits to populations dealing with type 2 diabetes2. As previously stated, the chief concern when dealing with type 2 diabetes is glucose control1. The results of the collective studies being referenced in this essay have confirmed that resistance training leads to a decrease in hemoglobin A1c3,4,5,6. With this evidence, it is clear that resistance training will help to make improvements on patients living with type 2 diabetes3,4,5,6.

The representation of race in film

Discuss the representation of race in any one of the movies discussed on the class. Do The Right Thing ( Spike Lee, 1989 ) Analyzing race in any modern-day movie, can be a challenge it its ain right, but none the less film has changed and how we refer cultural groups and, today more and more histrions from different civilizations are looking on our screens. InDo The right Thingrace is evident on the screen throughout the full movie as Spike Lee introduces us to a mixture of multiculturalism from Black-Americans, Caucasic Americans, Italian-Americans, Asian-Americans, the movie itself engages its audiences and inquire us inquiries about racial struggle. The movie is set on the corner of a Bedford-Stuyvesant subdivision of Brooklyn, following the life of Mookie ( Spike Lee ) an intelligent immature black male, who is torn between sides, and that racial actions can take to a climatic minutes within the movie.Do the Right Thingne'er ties over to stereotypes, as its secret plan clearly and positively drives us through what mundane life and battles of a black-American in a racial environment. & A ; apos ; It c omes down to this: black people were stripped of our individualities when we were brought here, and it & amp ; apos ; s been a pursuit since so to specify who we are & amp ; apos ; ( Spike Lee ) fundamentally racial individuality is of import to the twenty-first century black American as is American independency. These together create a much stronger significance to the portraiture of American societies in Hollywood movies. Do The Right Thingis so powerful, with a batch of intending to it about racial purposes, was a challenge in itself to make, but what Spike Lee did, would intend you would hold to hold some kind of background history to make with multicultural vicinities, associating to the undermentioned narrative. Spike Lee & A ; apos ; s a black manager, who was brought up in Brooklyn so he knew the Immigration and Naturalization Services and outs of the topographic point, being brought up in a black vicinity inspired him to make the movie, he wanted to demo and do people understand what it was like, conveying this multicultural vicinity to cinema. His options on race and socialism, are portrayed in the movie rather good and fluently, even to the bare oculus. What & A ; apos ; s so cagey about this movie is that Spike Lee doesn & A ; apos ; t travel in front and enervate any civilization, alternatively shows everyone for who they really are. Each character is represented in their ain manner, for illustration some characters have their ain personalities which clearly represent their civilization, such as the Italian – Americans who own a eating house called Sal & A ; apos ; s pizza shop, the manner they dress and speak gives off a vibration, a typical Italian mobster back in the 1980 & A ; apos ; s. The usage of voices and how each cultural group negotiations, subjects them and makes it easier to understand who & amp ; apos ; s apart of who. We now come across to the other characters in the movie, each drives the narrative forward in their ain specific manner, and most if non all the chief characters have their ain alone portion in the movie which drives the narrative forward, come oning the movie and the tenseness constructing up a round the country. Spike downwind represents race in about every histrion on screen apart from, The Local DJ ( Samuel L. Jackson ) and smiley, the local DJ seems to be slackly narrating the narrative as it unfolds in forepart of him, during the racial tenseness scenes we see the local DJ attempt to quiet and loosen up the state of affairs about as though he is contending for peace within the vicinity. We now move onto smiley and what seems to be the full movie, smiley is invariably looking to be showing himself without the usage of words, he wants to develop an individuality within the vicinity, due to his mental disablements he faces some challenges. smiley represents that everyone is different, but still has a topographic point to remain in this universe, Some people should merely larn to run into people for who they are, have some compassion as you ne'er know, they could be one of the nicest and intelligent people you will run into. that was spike Lee & A ; apos ; s purpose on be half of the character smiley, he tries to demo us the audience and the world/media, that everyone can be equal, it & amp ; apos ; s merely takes attempt in socializing with the environing people. Lee shown this inDo The Right Thing basedaround racial tensenesss and force, which can be proved a challenge as smiley portrays in the movie, as he isn & A ; apos ; t aloud to voice his sentiments in a mode he would wish excessively. This movie clearly understands racial civilizations and tensenesss from all sides of the cultural groups.Do The Right Thingoffers us the spectator to inquire a figure of inquiries about race and political relations which Spike Lee had created within the narrative is defined by a race, and clearly shows us who and what cultural group they are with. This is one of the grounds why Do the Right Thing is still such a powerful movie. The inquiries it raises, while still powerful, besides still eludes us to the narrative about them intending of the movie is. another inquiry which is overlooked is, is at that place a black aesthetic? Spike Lee uses the mise en scene to depict and truly demo what an ghettoised black vicinity, set in Brooklyn. he sets this by utilizing exact vesture and prompts of a typical Brooklyn street, from what he remembers from his yesteryear, he brought into this movie, making the right ambiance for the audience, Lee & A ; apos ; s movie besides tries to accomplish dem anding/repeating political consciousness which is to state he doesn & amp ; apos ; t merely convey up political subjects but dares to take place. & A ; apos ; Fight the Power & A ; apos ; was the first vocal to be played in the movie, Spike Lee had this playing in the beginning shootings, with a adult female dancing deeply and sharply to it, utilizing this technique spike Lee is boding what will be played through the movie, force, Frustration, music, all this is shown under one vocal & A ; apos ; Fight The Power & A ; apos ; , it gives off negative vibraphones about what the movie holds, and the vocal & A ; apos ; Fight The Power & A ; apos ; & A ; apos ; Well, possibly we should halt stressing the negative, possibly we should stress the positive. Why can & amp ; apos ; t we fight for power, instead than contend the power & A ; apos ; this can be supported by this quotation mark ( Burton B. Roberts, administrative justice of the State Supreme Court in the Bronx, New York Times & A ; apos ; Do The Right Thing & A ; apos ; Page 2 ) fundamentally sketching why we as group our contending amongst ourselves why non battle for what w e think is right, and that everyone should be treated the same. Do The Right Thingfoliages us oppugning the facts based around ethnics groups, racial tensenesss and how we live together as a society. in Do the right Thing you it is impossible to pull specific decisions /about what was and wasn & A ; apos ; t the right thing to make. Spike Lee puts together a movie conflicting to political orientations from Malcolm X and martin Luther male monarch, clashing both facets of peace and force into one movie. this movie went into such item about a delicate topic demoing us the spectator different facets of the twenty-four hours in and outs of a immature black American. Spike Lee wanted to make such a enlightening movie about race, yet do it in a elusive manner. Spike Lee shown us what was right and incorrect, and how racial tenseness can construct up to make and even bigger narrative. . Bibliography & A ; apos ; It comes down to this: black people were stripped of our individualities when we were brought here, and it & amp ; apos ; s been a pursuit since so to specify who we are & amp ; apos ; ( Spike Lee ) Burton B. Roberts, ( July 1989 ) administrative justice of the State Supreme Court in the Bronx, New York Times ( July 1989 ) & A ; apos ; Do The Right Thing & A ; apos ; Page 2