A Reflection On The Creed Of Freewill Essay - 1601 Words

The creed of freewill, which a large degree of mankind has immemorially upheld, is entirely false, according to my view; Kembleenian Determinism. My theory offers a bright outlook on the world, which is compatible with our moral intuitions, and extends our limited perspective of life and the world in which we dwell. In the subsequent paragraphs, a dialectical inquiry is presented. The two interlocutors are me and my mentor, Mr. R, who holds a B.A. from Notre Dame University in PLS book studies, a MS. in School Psychology from Glassboro State College and an Ed.D (to say the least, he’s exceptionally bright). Mr. R is a proponent of free will and I, an abnegator of it. I hope this dialogue can help lead to a partial advancement of mankind and His limited knowledge of the world. Brandon: Greetings my dear friend. I wish to present my theory, Kembleenian Determinism, to you; for I believe it has withstood its confutations, and ineluctably gives rise to the notion that our actions and fates are as determined as the stars above. All that we do is not within our purview, but rather only within our view. We thus have no control over our own actions, leading me to the conclusion that the existence of free will is untenable and must be admonished. Mr.R: Although I am sure you are currently convinced you are correct, I hope you keep your mind open long enough to realize you aren t. Although, I guess I had no choice but to make that comment, according to your theory. Brandon: Yes,Show MoreRelatedToday s Growing Culture : An Explanation For The Existence Of Life2854 Words   |  12 Pagesduring their college experience. From personal observation, I find it interesting that instead of the college experience being uplifting to one’s mind set, it is in fact belittling. All or your entire lives we are taught morals and values that are a reflection of our spiritual and ethical beliefs. Once we have entered college, it’s not a matter of church, rather than friends; faith, rather than proof. On top of most aspects of life, worldly distractions have become the excuse for the lack of involvementRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesChrist’s righteousness brings, the church is pledged to the conquest of every barrier which sin has erected between human beings. CHAPTER 3 Fundamental Beliefs of Seventh-day Adventists Seventh-day Adventists accept the Bible as their only creed and hold certain fundamental beliefs to be the teaching of the Holy Scriptures. These beliefs, as set forth here, constitute the church’s understanding and expression of the teaching of Scripture. Revision of these statements may be expected at a General

Compare and Contrast two criminological approaches to...

â€Å"Compare and Contrast two criminological approaches to understanding the commission of crime.† Criminologists seek to understand the commission of crime in a given society, attempting to figure out why certain crimes occur, and then to study how these can be prevented, and deterred by individuals. The two key approaches I will examine in this assignment is that of the early Classicalist approach, and the opposing Positivist approach, each of which are crucial for understanding modern criminology today. In the late eighteenth century Britain went through an Enlightenment period, which is also referred to as The Age of Reason (Paine, 1794) and this is because reason was emphasised over religion, secularisation transformed†¦show more content†¦Bentham then invented his idea of the perfect prison, the panopticon. This was a model prison where all prisoners where observed at all times by unseen guards. The Classicalist approach involves the punishments being just and reasonable, however still being able to deter individuals. This approach has been criticised by numerous theorists for many reasons. To begin with, despite this continuing change of the punishments towards offenders, from the earliest codes of public executions, towards a more subtle reformation and rehabilitation scheme, the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 mirrors this idea, murder rates have not significantly changed. Also this theory emphasises much on rational thinking and freewill, however it is debated that we do not always behave in our best interest, there are times when individuals are intoxicated by alcohol so are not as conscious of their activities. Moreover, there are crimes which entails the offender gaining no rewards, and also victimless crimes illustrate that not all crimes and punishments are just. Theorists then sought to figure out another alternative way for understanding the commission of crime, as many began to doubt this theory that crime was a simple characteristic of the human nature. In the nineteenth century the Positivist approach was introduced, which brought a whole new way of thinking about criminals and certain

Conceptual Framework and the Importance of Prudence

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Framework and the Importance of Prudence. Answer: Introduction Framework is required to be developed and organized before proceeding for any work. Therefore, in the work or process of accounting also framework is required and it is known by the name of Conceptual framework. It gives the platform to the company on which the company prepares the books of account for each and every transaction that has taken or will be taken and thereafter the same will be recorded. The framework so developed has been made available with the statutory compliances that the company has to do. Statutory compliances includes the compliance with the provisions of the Corporations Act 2001, with the provisions of the relevant and applicable accounting and auditing standards and any compliance that are required to be made in accordance with any law for the time being in force. The main aim of the study is to define the importance of the conceptual framework in the accounting and presentation of the financial statements. How far the concept of prudence has affected the conceptual framework of accounting and there by how the presentation of the financial statements and other report have been affected. The report has been prepared with the help of the annual report of the company Woolworths Limited. It is the company registered in Australia and listed in the Australian Stock Exchange. The company deals with all the products that are required by the customers in their daily life and have chain of stores operating in Australia and New Zealand. Through the analysis of annual report of the company the report has been prepared. At first the report has been started with the introduction detailing the main aim of the study and the structure of the paper to be followed. Then the conceptual frameworks along with the prudence have been discussed. Then the same have be en discussed in detail in accordance with different parameters highlighted in the annual report. After the analysis, the study has been ended with the concluding paragraph. Conceptual Framework and Prudence In order to do any kind of work, lay out is required. Without any lay out if the work is done then the same will be done in very haphazard manner like as any construction activity taken by the contractor without knowing what is required to be constructed and where and by what time. Therefore, the framework plays very vital role in the completion of any kind of work in the perfect manner. The framework is generally explained in two categories. It may be theoretical or practical. For accounting both types of framework are given by the laws and statutes of the country in which the industry is operating (Anastasia, 2015 and Capital Markets Advisory Committee Meeting, 2013). It is referred by the name of Conceptual Framework of accounting. Conceptual framework of accounting is the layout of accounting which gives the manner and the way in which the accounting is required to be done keeping in consideration the requirements of various laws, rules, regulations and the relevant guidelines. I t is referred to as the medium which deals with the measurement of assets and liabilities and the proper and adequate recognition of the income and expenses for the reporting period. Further the body created by the Government of Australia as setters of Accounting Standards has helped the accountants of the company to prepare the books of accounts. It will further make the financial statements useful for the company by following the three characteristics namely faithful representation, reliability and relevancy. Faithful Representation means that the financial statements of the company shall represent the state of affairs and the performance of the company in faithful manner. Reliability is referred to put focus on the fact of having the reliable financial statements that should be neutral and free from any bias. Relevancy is referred to put focus on the fact of having that information that is very useful for the users of the financial statements (IASB, 2010 and Weiss, 2014). Prudence is the concept in accounting which envisages that the accounting shall be made in true and fair manner without any bias. The concept of has started in the framework of accounting the year of nineteen hundred and eighty nine. At the very beginning of the concept, prudence has been as the degree of caution used while preparing the financial statements in making estimates for accounting mainly in the condition of neutrality. The same has been criticized by many people stating that the concept has been introduced for the purpose of understatement of net assets only and the net profit. In the year of two thousand and ten, in the concept of conceptual framework of the accounting, no reference have been made to concept of prudence wither in an implied manner or an expressed manner. But in the year two thousand and fifteen the concept of prudence has been included in the conceptual framework of accounting and is defined as to not understate the liabilities and expense and not to ove rstate the assets and incomes. The reason for inclusion is that the users of the financial statements and other have started arguing that the financial statements so prepared in accordance with the conceptual framework is not prudent because it is not neutral (Cooper, 2015). Year 1989 Concept of Prudence is included Year 2010 No reference to the concept of prudence Year 2015 Re introduction of the concept of prudence Analysis of The Annual Report For making the analysis as to whether the companies are complying with the conceptual framework of the company or not, the company Woolworths Limited has been selected. The company is engaged in the retail sector which provides not only the food products but also other products which in required in the daily needs and therefore regarded as the company having the largest supermarket chain Australia and across New Zealand. The annual report of the company for the year 2016 has been considered and has been analyzed in accordance with the following parameters: Remuneration Report: In the starting of the statutory report of the directors detailing the Remuneration report and introduction has been mentioned from the People Policy Committee (PPC). In this it has been detailed that PPC has undertaken the comprehensive revision of the structure of the remuneration keeping in consideration the refocused strategy and structure of the organization. It has further mentioned that the reward outcomes to be paid to the Key Managerial personnel, group executive committee and senior executives have been directly linked to the performance of the business. This will enforce the culture of accountability and the reliability in overall organization which will help the company to have success in the long term. The remuneration consists of two parts. One is fixed which includes the basic salary, superannuation and the car allowance and second is variable which includes the portion which depends on the performance of the companies. Due to this the KMPs and other executives might have decided to increase the turnover of the company or increase the earning per share of the company. This shows that the KMPs get the self interest behavior and tends to manipulate the financial statements of the company. Inventories Inventories have been valued at cost and net realizable whichever is lower. It has been mentioned that out of $4558.50 million, $447.80 million have been valued at Net Realizable Value. Therefore, the inventories have not been overstated. Trade Receivables These are recognized initially at the fair value and thereafter at the end of every these are checked for the impairment and if confirmed then the impairment is booked and these are recognized at fair value less the impairment. Therefore, accounts receivables are also not overstated. Property, Plant and Equipment The property plant and equipment have been measured at cost of asset loess the amount set aside for depreciation and amount pertaining to the impairment loss. Depreciation has been calculated using the straight line method and that too in accordance with the estimated useful life of an asset. At the end of every year the company revises the useful life of an asset and there are the chances that the depreciation expense may be taken at lower value and thus affecting the profit. Intangible Assets Intangible asset with the finite lives are measured at cost less amount of amortization calculated on the basis of the straight line method such as Victorian gaming entitlements, customer relationships and property developing rights. Goodwill is the excess amount paid for the acquisition of other company and is recognized. Thereafter, it is measured at cost less the amount of any impairment loss if confirmed after the checking of the value. This shows that the intangible assets are valued at correct value and there has been no overstatement of assets to misrepresent the financial statements of the company. It depicts that the company has complied with conceptual framework of accounting and that too with prudence. Conclusion and Recommendation The concept of prudence plays vital role in the preparation of the financial statements. The concept has provided the way through which the executives of the company will be at caution while preparing the books of accounts and resulting financial statements. In the report, the basis of conceptual framework has been explained and the reason of re inclusion of the concept of prudence has been detailed along with the historical developments of the same. For determining the importance of conceptual framework and prudence Woolworths Limited has been selected and its annual report has been analyzed through different parameters stating whether the company has complied with the same or not. To conclude, the report has come with relevant information to users. Through the way of this report, it is recommended that the concept of prudence shall be considered as the part of conceptual framework and shall never be excluded. References Anastasia, (2015), Financial Statement Analysis : An Introduction available on https://www.cleverism.com/financial-statement-analysis-introduction/ accessed on 29-04-2017 Capital Markets Advisory Committee Meeting, (2013), Conceptual Framework available on https://www.ifrs.org/Meetings/MeetingDocs/Other%20Meeting/2013/March/AP%203%20conceptual%20framework.pdf accessed on 29-04-2017. Cooper S, (2015), A Tale of Prudence, available on https://www.ifrs.org/Investor-resources/Investor-perspectives-2/Documents/Prudence_Investor-Perspective_Conceptual-FW.PDF accessed on 30/04.2017. International Accounting Standards Board, (2010), Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010 , pages 16-21 Woolworths Limited Official Website, Annual Report 2016 available on https://www.woolworths.com.au/ accessed on 29-04-2017. Weiss D, (2014), Faithful Representation available on https://bschool.huji.ac.il/.upload/Seminars/Faithful%20Representation%20October%202014.pdf accessed on 29-04-2017.